Route 53 Essentials:

  • Route 53 is a domain management service (DNS hosting solution) provided by AWS.

  • Key features include:

    • Domain Registration

      • Register domain names, such as orionpaper.com

    • Domain Name System (DNS) service

      • Translates friendly domains names like www.orionpaper.com into IP addresses like 192.0.2.1.

      • Amazon Route 53 responds to DNS queries using a global network of authoritative DNS servers, which reduces latency.

    • Health checking

      • Amazon Route 53 sends automated requests over the internet to your application to verify that it's reachable, available, and functional.

  • Route 53 can manage external DNS for domain routing - routing request for www.orionpaper.com to the proper AWS resources such as a CloudFront distribution, ELB, EC2 instance, or RDS server.

  • Route 53 is commonly used with an ELB to direct traffic from the domain to the ELB (and thus have traffic evenly distributed among servers running your application).

  • Route 53 can also be used to manage internal DNS for custom internal hostnames within a VPC as long as the VPC is configured for it.

  • Latency, GEO, basic, and failover routing policies allow for region-to-region fault tolerant architecture desgin.

  • You can easily configure for failover to S3 (if website bucket hosting is enabled) or CloudFront.

Route 53 Hosted Zones:

  • A Hosted Zones stores DNS records for your domain.
  • Basically, it contains all the rules (record sets) that tells Route 53 what to do with DNS request.
  • There are both public and private hosted zones:
    • A public hosted zone is a container that holds information about how you want to route traffic on the internet for a domain, such as linuxacademy.com, and its subdomains.
    • A private hosted zone is a container that holds information about how you want to route traffic for a domain and its subdomains within one or more Amazon Virtual Private Clouds.
  • After you create a hosted zone for your domain, such as orionpapers.com, you create resource record sets to tell the Domain Name System (DNS) how you want traffic to be routed for that domain.
  • Hosted zones com pre-populated with NS (Name Server) and SOA (Start of Authority) record sets.

Route 53 Record Sets:

  • Record sets are instructions that actually match domain names to IP addresses.
  • Record sets are comprised of various options, including:
    • Record type
    • Standard/alias
    • Routing policy
    • Evaluate target health

Common record types include:

  • A: Used to point a domain to an IPv4 IP address.
  • AAAA: Used to point a domain to an IPv6 IP address.
  • CNAME: Used to point a host/name to another host/name.
  • MX: Used to route email (mail exchange).

Alias Record Sets:

  • Instead of an IP address (standard record sets), an alias record set contains a pointer to an AWS specific resource, such as:
    • An elastic load balancer.
    • CloudFront distribution.
    • Elastic Beanstalk environment.
    • Amazon S3 bucket that is configured as a static website.

Routing Policy:

  • Simple: Route all traffic to one endpoint.

  • Weighted: Route traffic to multiple endpoints (manual load balancing).

  • Latency: Route traffic to an endpoint based on the users latency to various endpoints.

  • Failover: Route traffic to a "secondary" endpoint if the "primary" is unavailable.

  • Geolocation: Route traffic to an endpoint based on the geographical location of the user.

Evaluate Health Check:

  • Can monitor the healthy of your application and trigger an action.

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